Grassland/Shrub / Sagebrush Steppe / Unknown Most migrants from north migrate no farther south than northern Mexico (Palmer 1988).Īgriculture / Pasture/Old Field / UnknownĪlpine/Tundra / Alpine Grassland / UnknownĪlpine/Tundra / Alpine/Subalpine Meadow / Unknownįorest / Conifer Forest - Moist/wet / Unknownįorest / Deciduous/Broadleaf Forest / Unknownįorest / Mixed Forest (deciduous/coniferous mix) / Unknown Migrations may be influenced by food supply. Northern populations mainly migratory (some breeders resident on or near territories all year), generally arrive in northern breeding areas in March and April (yearlings may still be migrating as late as May and June), depart by September-October (Bent 1937), may continue southward movement into December. See Palmer (1988) for discussion of interactions with other hawks and Great Horned Owl. Most forage within 3 kilometers of the nest (Kochert 1986). In a largely sedentary population in Wisconsin, mean seasonal home ranges varied as follows: fall male 390 ha (n=1), female 123 ha (n=2) winter male 157 ha (n=3), female 167 ha (n=6) spring male 163 ha (n=2), female 85 ha (n=6) summer male 117 ha (n=1), female 117 ha (n=5) (Petersen 1979). Also territorial in winter in at least some parts of the U.S. In Puerto Rico, remains paired and defends territory throughout the year (Santana 1988). km in different habitats in Puerto) (Santana 1988, Rothfels and Lein 1983). km) varies from 0.03 (Utah) to 0.78 (California) mostly less than 0.025 (but 0.2-0.6 pairs/sq. Pair bond typically lifelong, at least in nonmigratory populations and probably in migrants as well.īreeding density (pairs /sq. Successful reproduction usually does not occur before age 2 years. If clutch lost, renests usually in another nest a few weeks later. Young are tended by both parents, may leave nest at about 4 weeks, fly at about 6.5-7 weeks, depend on parents for food for at least a few weeks after fledging. Incubation lasts about 34 days per egg, mostly by female. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. Knopf, New York, NY, USA.BC Conservation Data Centre: Species SummaryĪmerican Ornithologists' Union (AOU). The Sibley Guide to Birds, second edition. USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, USA. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis 1966–2019. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, USA. Red-tailed Hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis), version 2.0. Avian Conservation Assessment Database, version 2019. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Bird Banding Laboratory 2020. Longevity records of North American birds. The species rates a 6 out of 20 on the Continental Concern Score, indicating a species of low conservation concern. Partners in Flight estimates a global breeding population of 3.1 million. Red-tailed Hawk populations increased by about 1.3% per year between 19, according to the North American Breeding Bird Survey. Mated pairs typically stay together until one of the pair dies. Courting birds fly with legs hanging beneath them, or chase and swoop after each other, sometimes locking talons (see Cool Facts). They frequently chase off other hawks, eagles, and Great Horned Owls. Red-tailed Hawks are large, sharp-taloned birds that can be aggressive when defending nests or territories. Tiny and helpless, unable to raise head, and weighing about 2 ounces. White or buffy, blotched or speckled with buff, brown, or purple. The inner cup is lined with bark strips, fresh foliage, and dry vegetation. Nests are tall piles of dry sticks up to 6.5 feet high and 3 feet across. Nest Descriptionīoth members build the nest, or simply refurbish one of the nests they’ve used in previous years. They may also nest on a cliff ledge or on artificial structures such as window ledges and billboard platforms. Red-tailed Hawks typically put their nests in the crowns of tall trees where they have a commanding view of the landscape.
Individual prey items can weigh anywhere from less than an ounce to more than 5 pounds. The hawks also eat birds, including pheasants, bobwhite, starlings, and blackbirds as well as snakes and carrion.
Frequent victims include voles, mice, wood rats, rabbits, snowshoe hares, jackrabbits, and ground squirrels. Mammals make up the bulk of most Red-tailed Hawk meals. This includes desert, scrublands, grasslands, roadsides, fields and pastures, parks, broken woodland, and (in Mexico) tropical rainforest. Red-tailed Hawks occupy just about every type of open habitat on the continent.
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